East+and+South+East+Asia

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The Economic Surge: -Particuarly after the mid 1950s, rapid economic growth made Japan's clearest mark internationally and commanded the most intense energies at home. -Annal economi growth reached at least 10 percent regularly from the mid 1950s onward, surpassing the regular levels of every other nation during the 1960s and 1970s, as Japan became one of the top two or three economic powers in the world. -A host of factors fed this astounding economic performance. -Japan was able to devote almost its whole capital to investment in productive technology, fot its military expanses were negligable given its reliance on U.S protection. -Social activites, including group exercise sessions before the start of the working day, promoted and expressed group loyalty, and managers took active interest in suggestions by employees. -Japanese management displayed a distinctive spirit, again as a resultof adapting older traditions of leadership. -Few corperate bureaucrats changed firms, which meant that their efforts were concentrated on their company's success. -Japans distinctiveness extende to family life, despite some features similar to the West's industrial experience. -The nation had few lawyers, for it was assumed that people could make and abide by firm arrangementsthrough mutual agreement -The Japanese had particular ways to relieve tension. -Japanese popular culture was not static, both because of ongoing attraction to Western standards and because of rapid urbaniztion and economic growth -Other issues were assciated with change, By the 1960s pollution became a serious problem as cities and industry expanded rapidly. -Mired in political corruption, the Liberal Democrats were replaced by shaky coalition gov.t.

MAIN IDEA: rapid economic growth made Japan's clearest mark internationally and commanded the most intense energies at home.Annal economi growth reached at least 10 percent regularly from the mid 1950s onward.Japan was able to devote almost its whole capital to investment in productive technology.Japanese management displayed a distinctive spirit.Japans distinctiveness extende to family life.Japanese popular culture was not static, both because of ongoing attraction to Western standards. Other issues were assciated with change.

The Pacific Rim: New Japans? -Economic and political developments in several nations and city states on Asias Pacific coast echoed important elememts of Japans 20th century history. -the Korean Miracle: -South Korea was the most obvious example of the spread of new economic dynamism to other parts of the pacific run. -Intense student protest, backed by wider popular support, pressed the military from power at the end of the 1980s, but a conservative politician wo the ensuing general election, and it was not clear how much the political situation had changed. -As in postwar Japan, the South Koran gov.t from the mid 1950s onward placed its primary emphasis on economic growth. -Huge industrial groups such as Daewoo and Hyundai resembled the Great Japanese holding companies before and after World War II and wielded great political influence. -By the 1980s, when Chung was in his 60s, his firm had 135,000 employees and 42 overseas offices throughout the world. -South Koreas rapid entry into the ranks of newly industrialized countries produced a host of more general changes. -The government gradually began to encourage couples to limit their birth rates. -Per capita income grew despite the population increase, rising almost 10 times from the early 1950s to the early 1980s, but to a level still only one ninth that of Japan.

MAIN IDEA:Economic and political developments in several nations and city states on Asias Pacific coast. Intense student protest, backed by wider popular support, pressed the military from power at the end of the 1980s.South Koreas rapid entry into the ranks of newly industrialized countries.Huge industrial groups such as Daewoo and Hyundai resembled the Great Japanese holding companies.

Advances in Taiwan and the City States: -The republic of China, as the gov.t of Taiwan cane to call itself, experienced a high rate of economic development. -Productivity in both agriculture and industry increased reapidly, the former spurred by land reform that benefited small commercial farmers. -As in Japan and Korea, formal economic planning reached high levels, though allowing latitude for private business. - formal economic planning reached high levelsof modern, Western derived medicine and some of the urban entertainment forms popular elsewhere. -The assimilation of rapid change gave the Taiwanese gov.t great stbility despite a host o new concerns. -Taiwan also developed some informal links with the communist regime in Beijing, although the latter continued to claim the island as part of its territory. -The republic survived the death of Chiang Kai-shek and the accession of his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, in 1978. -Conditions in the city-state of Singapore, though less tied to great power politics, resmbled those in Taiwan in many ways, Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew took office in 1965, when the area first gained independance, and held poer for the next three decades. -The dominant peoples Action party suppressed oppostition movements. -Finally, Hong Kong retained its statusas a major world port and branched out as a center of international bankingm serving as a bridge between the communist regime in China and the wider world.

MAIN IDEA:The republic of China, as the gov.t of Taiwan cane to call itself. formal economic planning reached high levels.The republic survived the death of Chiang Kai-shek and the accession of his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, in 1978.Conditions in the city-state of Singapore, though less tied to great power politics, resmbled those in Taiwan in many ways.Finally, Hong Kong retained its statusas a major world port and branched out as a center of international bankingm serving.

Common Themes and New Problems: -The pacific Run states had more in common than their rapid growth rates and expanding exports. -The Pacific Rim states also shared reliance on gov.t planning and direction amid limitations on disent and instability. -The dynamsim of the Pacific Rim spilled over to neigboring parts of southeast asia by th 1980s. -The final years of the 20th century revealed unexpected weaknesses in this dynamic region. -In essence, they contended that only a Westernindustrial model could be successful, and agencies such as the World Bank tried to insist on reforms in this direction as a condition for economic assisstance.

MAIN IDEA:The pacific Run states had more in common than their rapid growth rates and expanding exports.The Pacific Rim states also shared reliance on gov.t planning.The dynamsim of the Pacific Rim spilled over to neigboring parts. In essence, they contended that only a Westernindustrial model could be successful.