Western+Europe

[|Wordology Map]

**Impact of Christianity (490-600)** *Scotti became the dominant tribe, absorbing Picts and other tribes or kingdoms in the area.

*Swedes begin migrating into Northern Russia/Ukraine. They form a loosely organized state known as the Rus Khaganate. *A warm weather trend began around this time, making it easier to travel long distances at sea.
 * The countries of Norse Swedes and Danes were launching points for the viking raids.
 * The enabling factors of the viking raids were the warm weather and the Scandinavians were not inhibit
 * culturethat dicouradged pilaging. Scandinavia also became overpopulated & farming did not support the population
 * Raiders from scandinavia invaded Britain.
 * Germanic tribes migrated westward out of Eastern Europe, due to invasions from the east by Huns, Avars,. Magyars, and other normadic peoples from Asia.
 * Finnic peoples are primary inhabitants which are ancestors of modern finnish and Estonians.
 * Slavic "Czech" Tribes settle in mordern Czech republic.
 * Slavs are pushed west by Hunnic and Avar.
 * Slavs were pushed southwest into the Balkan peninsula, which made them seperate from other Slavs.
 * The illyrians survived a distinct peopl from the roman empire
 * Goth war between Ostrogoths & Byzantine.
 * Byzantines exert control over Ravenna, Rome and Southern Italy.
 * Basque people continue to fiercly resist foreign invaders
 * Reign of Charles Martel & Viking Raids (600-755)**


 * Germanic tribes continued to be absorbed into the frankish empire as Franks continue their conquest east into Germanic lands.
 * East slavs centered in modern Belarius & Ukraine spread further into modern Russia, becoming the most numerous people in this region.
 * Slavs became indigeanous in a vast, sparcely populated region, Theorefore, it was natural for them to spread out.
 * South slavs are separated from northern slav relatives.
 * Avars launch an unsuccessfull attack on Constaninople.


 * Bulgars defeat Byzantines in a battle, forcing them to officially recognize the Bulgarian Empire as an independant state.
 * Magyars migrate west to the Don River basin in modern Russia.
 * the Chistianized Visigoth Kingdom dominated nearly all of Hispania until the Muslim invasion of 711.


 * Furthest advancement of Muslim Moorish armies in Europe before being driven back to Hispania by the Franks.
 * The Rise of the Franks (755-840)**


 * The Franks made launching points for Viking Raids in Norse, Swedes, and Danes, and Their targets for viking raids were English, Gales and Scotti
 * The raids afflicted the British Isles and the Northern Coasts of the European Mainlands.
 * By the early 9th century, nearly all of the Germanic peoples had been conquered and submitte to frankish rule. EVen though franks were originally a a Germanic Tribe, they had intermixed with the Romano catholic people that inhabited the Roman province of Gaul before their conquests.
 * Swedish/Norse ruling still intact, but the population was overwhelmingly Slovic.
 * The Khazar kingdom expands, but but by the early 800s, it is beset by civil wars and strife.
 * The franks conquered the Lombards in northern Italy, driving them to the Lombard territoriesin Southern Italy.
 * Lombard kings invite Muslim saracens, to intervene on their behalf in battles with other Lombard kingdoms.
 * Lombards and Byzantines finally to unite to drive saracens out of Italy.

**Feudalism (840-967)**

**Christianity ant the High Middle Ages & Expansion of Holy Roman Empire (967-1060)**

**Effects of the Crusades, Norman conquest of England and Magna Carta (1060-1240)**

**Why the Golden Horde was able to dominate Europe and the Black Death Plague (1240-1350)**

=﻿ESPIRIT Chart Incas= =E= Postclassical western europe was hard hit by Roman collapsem through the Catholic church advanced and a new empire briefly surfaced. After about 900, agriculture, trade, and politics revived, with feudalism and the church shaping political development. Parlimentsas bodies representing not individual viters but priveleged groups such as the nobles and the church. Urban II called for the first crusade in 1905, appealing to the piety of the wets rulers and common people. - Viking invasions made increase in government. - In western europe trade was the main attention. It was known thoughout the rest of the world beginning in the state of capitalism. And it led to the revival of trade in the mediterranean.

=S= Key Characteristics of western europe began to shift after 1300, facing new problems of over population and disease. Most people were serfs, living on self sufficient agricultural estates called mannors. Carolingians took ovweer this monarchy which was base in northern france, belgium, and western germany. Magna Carta, promised to observe rights against monarchial claims. - Women gained respect because virgin mary. *Serfs *vassals *landlords *kings *merchants *religion clergy As the church lost power, kings tried to achieve higher social status through the feudal system. but lower classes began questioning their authority.

=P= The period known as the middle ages in european history. The period featured gradual recovery from the shock of Rome's collapse and growing interraction with other societies, particually around the mediterranean. Vikings from Scandinavia periodically disrupted life from Ireland to Sicily. Charlemagne established a substantial empire in france and germany around the year 800. -Religion (christianity) aided in further political advancements by european nobles in power, in return fo status in said country/domain. *Clovis= introduced Christ *Caroligians used them even more to unite *Magna Carta *William Ell CONQUESTADOR

=I= ====William the conqueror, extended his tight feudal system to his new kingdom. He tied the great lords of Englan to his royal court by bonds of loyalty, giving them estates in return for their military service. Hundred year war between the national monarchies of France and England over territorie the english king controled in France and over feudal rights cversus the emrging claims of national states.==== -Europs sufferin many problems -Vikings took over many lands -kings used feudalism to buold their own power feudalism was based on economy -With the help from scholars and philosophers literacy and ebolism became more encouraged throughout Western Europe *Scholasticalism

=R= Clovis converted to christianity about 496 b.c.e to gain greater prestiege over local rivals, who were still pagan. Holy roman emperors merging Christian and classical claims. Local lords often went their own way in Germany, and city states showed independance in italy. Three estates; church, nobles, and urban leaders. They were not widely elected. christian culture dominated european philosophy and art, but it generated both change and some conflict -Due to the lack of political organization became of feudalism, Christianity became a political force in Western Europe *Perspection of Jews Interactions

=I= One founder of the caroligian line, Charles Martel or Charles the Hammer was responsible for defeating the Muslims in the battle of tours in 732. While merchant capitalism gained ground in western europe, other economic values predominated. Crusaders established kingdoms became exposed to byzantine and empire 100 years war between france and england -Conflicts in expanding territory. led western europe to be expose to cultural and economic influences from byzantine and Islam.

=T= Manoralism was the system of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers. moldboard was introduced that allowed deeper turning of the soil. Three field system left a third of the land unplanted each year, and no regain of fertility. key characteristics of western europe began to shift after, 1300 facing new problems of overpopulation and disease -A new way to farm with new creations of technology made it easier to farm and gave a new way to upgrade productivity without loosing products of over planning of under planning.  ESPIRIT Chart On Aztecs E Aztec society became more hierarchical as the empire grew and social classes with different functions developed, although the older organizationbased on the callipuli never disappeared. Tribute was drawn from subject peoples, but Aztec society confronted technological barriers that made it difficult to maintain the large population of central mexico. S Chief among the civilizations that followed the collapse of Teotihucacan ant the abandonment of the classic maya cities in the 8th century c.e. were the toltecs and later the Aztecs, who built on the achievements of their predecesors but rarely surpassed them except in political and military organization. He toltecs created a large empire whose influence extended far beyond central mexco. In the 15th century, the Aztecs rose from humble beginnings to create an extensiveempire organized from war, motivated by religious zeal, and resting on a firm agrarian base. P After about 1300 c.e in the Andean cultural hearth, a new civilization emerged and eventually spread its control over the whole region. The inca empire, or twantinsuyu, was a highly centralized system that integrated various ethnic groups into an imperial state. Extensive irrigated agriculture supported a state religion and a royal ancestor cult. With notable achievements in architecture and metallurgy, the Incas, like the Aztecs, incorporated many elements of the civilizations that preceded them. I The civilizations of Mesoamerica and the andes, and the imperial states in place at the moment of contact with the wider world, were high points of a native American cultural achievement cut short by contact and conquest. However, the Americas continued to be occupied by a wide variety of peoples who lived in different ways, ranging from highly complex sedentary agricultural empires to simple kin-based bands of hunters and gatherers. R that integrated various ethnic groups into an imperial state. Extensive irrigated agriculture supported a state religion and a royal ancestor cult. With notable achievements in architecture and metallurgy, the Incas, like the Aztecs, incorporated many elements of the civilizations that preceded them I He toltecs created a large empire whose influence extended far beyond central mexco. In the 15th century, the Aztecs rose from humble beginnings to create an extensiveempire organized from war, motivated by religious zeal, and resting on a firm agrarian base.

Twas drawn from subject peoples, but Aztec society confronted technological barriers that made it difficult to maintain the large population of central mexico.

SUMMARY:

Aztec society became more hierarchical as the empire grew and social classes with different functions developed, although the older organizationbased on the callipuli never disappeared. Tribute was drawn from subject peoples, but Aztec society confronted technological barriers that made it difficult to maintain the large population of central mexico.Chief among the civilizations that followed the collapse of Teotihucacan ant the abandonment of the classic maya cities in the 8th century c.e. were the toltecs and later the Aztecs, who built on the achievements of their predecesors but rarely surpassed them except in political and military organization. He toltecs created a large empire whose influence extended far beyond central mexco. In the 15th century, the Aztecs rose from humble beginnings to create an extensiveempire organized from war, motivated by religious zeal, and resting on a firm agrarian base.After about 1300 c.e in the Andean cultural hearth, a new civilization emerged and eventually spread its control over the whole region. The inca empire, or twantinsuyu, was a highly centralized system that integrated various ethnic groups into an imperial state. Extensive irrigated agriculture supported a state religion and a royal ancestor cult. With notable achievements in architecture and metallurgy, the Incas, like the Aztecs, incorporated many elements of the civilizations that preceded them.The civilizations of Mesoamerica and the andes, and the imperial states in place at the moment of contact with the wider world, were high points of a native American cultural achievement cut short by contact and conquest.

Chris Coleman Period 4 AP World history 11/29/10 Compare and contrast the social and economical patterns of the Aztecs and the Incas There were many comparative and contrasting traits between the two countries Aztec and Incas. Mostly the comparing and contrasting being between economical and social patterns between both countries. These two different patterns between both countries helped both to become what they are today. Aztec society became more hierarchical as the empire grew and social classes with different functions developed, although the older organization based on the callipuli never disappeared. The Inca empire, or twantinsuyu, was a highly centralized system that integrated various ethnic groups into an imperial state. Chief among the civilizations that followed the collapse of Teotihucacan ant the abandonment of the classic maya cities in the 8th century c.e. were the Toltec’s and later the Aztecs, who built on the achievements of their predecessors but rarely surpassed them except in political and military organization. The civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes, and the imperial states in place at the moment of contact with the wider world, were high points of a native American cultural achievement cut short by contact and conquest. However, the Americas continued to be occupied by a wide variety of peoples who lived in different ways, ranging from highly complex sedentary agricultural empires to simple kin-based bands of hunters and gatherers. Extensive irrigated agriculture supported a state religion and a royal ancestor cult. With notable achievements in architecture and metallurgy, the Incas, like the Aztecs, incorporated many elements of the civilizations that preceded them. He Toltec’s created a large empire whose influence extended far beyond central Mexico. In the 15th century, the Aztecs rose from humble beginnings to create an extensive empire organized from war, motivated by religious zeal, and resting on a firm agrarian base.

Aztec society became more hierarchical as the empire grew and social classes with different functions developed, although the older organization based on the callipuli never disappeared. Tribute was drawn from subject peoples, but Aztec society confronted technological barriers that made it difficult to maintain the large population of central mexico.Chief among the civilizations that followed the collapse of Teotihucacan ant the abandonment of the classic Maya cities in the 8th century c.e. were the Toltec’s and later the Aztecs, who built on the achievements of their predecessors but rarely surpassed them except in political and military organization.


 * APPARTS Chart On Doc. ; Ties That Blind: Paths to Power link ; **

__Primary Source Analysis__

__Document: Ties That Blind: Paths to Power__

What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant? || We know that it was sent by a local functionary named Wu Bao to a high official whom Wu hoped to attach himself and thus win advancement in the imperial bureaucracy. || Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims? || The audience is the men who are superior to the author who could only hold a place in office by being an officer. Basically high officials || What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote || The reason for this document was to hope for advancement in imperial bureaucracy. || Support with quotes || “Reaching manhood, I paid close attention to the [Confucian] classics. But in talent I do not compare with other men, and so far I have held office only as an officer of the guard” || How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible || This relates to the bigger picture ||
 * Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions? || The following letter was included in a short story by Tang Author Niu Su. Also the other author was Niu Bao ||
 * **Place** – Where and when was it created - || This was created during the Tang and Song Eras. ||
 * **Prior Knowledge**
 * **Audience**
 * **Reason for Creation**
 * **The Main Idea**
 * **Significance**

Is there a specific date of when this letter was made ?

** Notes on Tang decline and the rise of the song; **

 * Beset by internal rebellions and nomadic incursions, the Tang gave wayv to the Song in the early 10th century. Although the Song domains were smaller than those of the Tang, the Confucian revival flourished under the successor dynasty.

Tang and Song China


 * Tang || Song || Shared ||
 * *Trade and commerce were developed

*Grand canal linked civbilizations in the north with the Yangtze river

*Horses persian rugs, and tapestries were imported

*Allowed for social mobility through the imperial examination system, which let young men rise in powerin the bureaucratic system

*Women had a lot of rights and social status. || *Urban centers: towns grew into cities

*Bureaucracy was filled with well paid officials with little work to do.

*Complementary lovers

*Educated but meek and dainty

*Power only within private sphere

*Virtue and virginity were prized

*suppressed women

*Gained popularity soley in its dynasty

*stressed woman's rols as a homemaker

*were not tolerantt of buddhists || *Both dynasties used the grand canal for internal trade and to supple millet and rice in the bulk to the south.

*With trade expanding banking started to form. Flying money, which prevented theft on journeys.

Practiced footbinding Unfair double standards about pre-marital sex Disagreed with Buddhist ideas of women ||