The+West


 * The West**


 * 1. Using Scribble Maps outline the nations that you think are included when we discuss "The West". After embedding the map explain your rationale**


 * 2. Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes**
 * Page 673-678 Outline Notes**
 * The Roaring Twenties:**

-In the West, consumerism and changes in women's roles gained ground. -New Authorization movements surfaced in Eastern Europe and Italy.
 * Bouncing Back?:**

-The postwar chaleneges to western Europe society were immense. -An unprecedented postwar infation occured, wiping out savings for many groups. -Cubist movement: led by Pablo Picasso, that rendered familiar objects in geometrical shapes. -Knowledge of atomic structure and also of genetics advanced. -New mass consumption items, like the radio, were important as well. -Aspects of the new culture, however, seemed frenzied, and certainly disturbed traditionalists. -Western Europe did not regain export markets that had been taken over by the United States of Japan.

Other Industrial Centers: -Canada, Austrailia, and New Zealand gained rewards for their loyal participation in World War I. -The British Commonwealth of Nations was a free association of members, as British representation in the three Dominions became purely symbolic. -U.S economic and popular cultural initiatives advanced rapidly during the 1920s -Henry Ford: introduced the assembly line for automobile production in 1913, using conveyor belts to move parts past semi skilled workers doing small, repetitious tasks as each automobile was completed. -The United States also increased its popular cultural exports. -The role of the United States worldwide had new complexities -The U.S senate rejected the Versailles treaty, refusin to enter the League Of Nations. -Japan entered a new phase of industrialization during the 1920s. -Japan still heavily depended on cheap exports to the West -It needed foreign earnings to cover the import of fuel and raw materials and to support rapid population growth. -Military leaders, trained seperately and reporting directly to the emperor, resented political controls that potentially reduced their budgets.

New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism: -Benito Mussolini: Formed the fascio di combattimento, or union for struggle in Italy. -Fascism: had its roots in the late 19th century, with groups disenchanted with liberal, parliamentary systems and with social conflict. -Conditions in postwar Italy gave these impulses a huge boost. -Amid growing politicla divisions and a rising threat from the working class left, in 1922 the Italian king called on Mussolini to form a new government.

The New Nations of East Central Europe:

-Authorization regimes also took root in east central Europe during the 1920s, though they were not explicitlyfascist. -Most of the new nations were consumed by nationalist excitement at independance. -They were hard hit by the collapse of agricultural prices in the 1920s and then further damaged by the depression.

A Balance Sheet:

-Changes in Europe other Western societies, and Japan during the 1920s were complex. -The United States tried to isolate itself from world politics.

The Global Great Depression: -the Great depression was centered in the west but had global roots and impact. -Coming barely a decade after the turmoil of World War I, the onset of global economic depression constituted a crucial next step in the mounting spiral of international crisis -Great Depression: hed begun in many parts of the world economy even earlier.

Causation: -Structural problems affected many industrial societies during the 1920s, even after postwar recovery. -But rising European production combined with large imports from the Americas and New Zealand sent prices dowwn. -The fears massive postwar inflation had generated limited the capacity of gov.t respond to other problems. -Most of the dependant areas in the economy, colonies and noncolonies alike were suffering badly.

Page709 to 721 Outline on WWII

4. Read chapter 31p.732 - 750

A: World War II left western Europe in shambles, the sheer physical destruction caused problems with housing and transportation. Downed bridges and rail lines complicated food shipments. A: the Cold War divided Europe when the last wartime meetings among the leaders of Britain, the U.S, and the Soviet Union had staked out the boundaries of Europe, which opened interpretations. This eventually led to excluding opposition political movements by Soviet troops occupying European countries. A: Western Europe experienced a shift in the political spectrum toward fuller support for democratic constitutions and greater agreement on the need for government planning and welfare activities. A:The Welfare state was the consolidation of democracy that also entailed a general movement. Wartime planning in the British government had pointed to the need of new programs to reduce the impact of economic inequality and to reward the lower classes for their royalty. A: 1948, the basic nature of the modern welfare had been established throughout Western Europe, as not only the regimes but also establsihed reformists. -extended a veriety of government programs.
 * **What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?**
 * How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?
 * Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?
 * What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?
 * Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe

-by the mid 1950s western europe had entered a new economic phase. -European agriculture was still less efficient than that of North America -Western Europe remained a leading center of weapons production -Overall growth in gross national product surpassed rates of extended period since Industrial Revolution -During 1950s the industrial workforce grew as part of factory expansion -Another key change involved immigration. -Unprecedented economic growth and low unemployment meant unprecedented improvements in incomes, even with taxation neccessary to sustain welfare progams. -Ownership of standard consumer goods like televisions and cars spread widely. -The frenzy to find good vacation spots was certainly intense. -The wests economic advance was not without some dark spots, meaning many immigrant workers suffered low wages and unemployment. -By 1990s slower economic growth raised new unemployment problems in Western Europe. -The clearest innovation in family life came through the new working paterns of women. -The growing employment og women went up to 44 percent -Teenage employment dropped -Family rights improved -Access to divorce increased -according to 1960s polls more wmen than before tended to define sex in terms of pleasure.
 * Outline economic development in Europe
 * Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)

The growing role of the U.S in world affairs occured in an attempt to make alliances with other countries. For example: the U.S made alliances with China by buying the most of their goods to be produced within America. Another Example would be infiltraiting other countries to make sure there wasn't any activity in terms of plans to attack or abolish the U.S -according to 1960s polls more wmen than before tended to define sex in terms of pleasure. -A brief increase of birth ended in the early 1960s -The development of a new surge of feminist protest. - The new feminism did not win all women, even in the middle class.
 * Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs
 * Trace developments for women in the post war West

-Ke development was a shift of focus toward the United States. -Europeans did participated in some of the leading scientific advances. -European space research slower to develop than Soviet or U.S initiatives. -Developments in the arts maintained earlier 20th centuries. -Europeans maintained clarer advantages in artistic films. -Fragmentation in the social sciences. -French intellectuals also contributed to a redifination of historical study.
 * Outline cultural developments in Europe.