Russia,+Japan,+and+the+West

**Russia**
1. What was the Decemberist uprising? What were its causes and effects? A: This inspired Nicholas I to still more adamant conservatism. Repression of political opponents stiffened, and the secret police expanded. Newspapers and schools, alread confined to a small minority, were tightly supervised. Political criticism flourished mainly in exile in places such as Paris and London, having little impact on Russia. 2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy? A:Russia began to fall increasingly behind the West in technology and trade. 3. What caused the Crimean War? what were its major efects? A:Britain was increasingly worried about any great power advance in the region that might threaten its hold on India, whereas France sought diplomatic glory and also represented itself as the Western champion of Christain rights. Russian armies were drove out of their enriched positions. Each side lost 250,000 troops in a truly difficult struggle. 4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create? A: Thy were mancipated as a trade off with the aristocrats rtaining part of the land and fertie holdings while the serfs while the serfs got the most of it. It differed from the emancipation in the U.S by them recieving land whie saves in U.S recieved none. Russians became carful reserving aristocratic power. 5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they? A:Zemstvoes had a voice in reguating roads, schools,and other regional politics. they were successful in giving the midde class political experience, and undertook important inquireies into local problems. 6. What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad? A:It connected European Russia with the Pacific, was the crowning achievement of this drive whn it was nearly complted by the end of the 1880s. Expanded Russian's iron and coal sectors. 7. What economic reforms were enaced by Sergei Witte A:Enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry, improved its banking system, and encouraged Western investors to build great factories with advanced technology. 8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks.) Russian arcitecture intelligence becoming increasingly active, Russians seeking to abolish all formal government.

**Japan**
1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's A:Japan and China had both chosen considerable isolation from larger world currents from about 1600 until the west forced new openings between 1830 and 1860 2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent) A: He was an American naval officer who opened Japans ports to westerners 3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State A:The New Meiji government promptly set about abolishing feaudalism, replacing the daimyos in 1871 with a system of nationally appointed affects. Political power was effectively centralized, and from this base the Meiji rulers, the emperor and his close advisors, drawn from loyal segments of the aristocracy. 4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles) A:New government banks funded growing trade and provided capital fr industry. The new economic structure depended on the destruction of many older restrictions. Government initiative dominated manufacturing not only in the creation of transportation networks but also in state operation of mines, shipyards, and metallurgical plants. 5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan A:These changes helped generate amore aggresive foreign policy. Japanese society was disrupted by massive population growth. Better nutrition and new medical provisions reduced death rates, and the upheaval of the rural masses cut into traditional restraints on births. 6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization? A:Japansese achievement had its costs, including poor living standards in the crowded cities. Many Japanese conservatives resented the passion other Japanese displayed for western fashion.

627 Question: What civilization features had Japan and China shared before the 19th century? In what ways were Japanese political institutions more adaptable than Chinese institiutions? Why ws Russia also able to change earlier and more fundamentally than 19th century China? A:Japan and China had both chosen considerable isolation from larger world currents from about 1600 until the west forced new openings between 1830 and 1860.New government banks funded growing trade and provided capital fr industry. The new economic structure depended on the destruction of many older restrictions. Government initiative dominated manufacturing not only in the creation of transportation networks but also in state operation of mines, shipyards, and metallurgical plants.
 * **Read //Good-Bye Asia// by Fukuzawa Yukichi. From Riley. Discuss article**
 * **Read In Depth p. 627 and answer questions**
 * **Analyze the two faces of Western Influence**